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Impact of Climate Change on Solar Panel Efficiency in India

India, the world’s fifth-largest solar energy producer, is expanding its solar capacity to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 45% by 2030. However, environmental and climate changes threaten solar panel efficiency. Climate scientist Sushovan Ghosh, in his study published in Environmental Research Letters, highlights how aerosols, rising temperatures, and other factors impact solar output.

Aerosol pollution, primarily from industrial and vehicular emissions, reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching panels, leading to lower energy generation. Additionally, climate change-induced temperature rise decreases solar cell efficiency, as extreme heat affects their ability to convert sunlight into electricity. Other climate phenomena, such as changes in cloud patterns and unpredictable weather conditions, further complicate solar energy production in India.

To counter these challenges, Ghosh suggests measures like improved air pollution control policies, better panel cooling technologies, and advanced solar forecasting models. With strategic interventions, India can maintain and enhance its solar energy potential despite environmental changes.